Meaning of French merde in English

The French word merde translates to “shit” in English. Depending on context, it can express frustration, bad luck, annoyance, or even encouragement. It’s one of the most versatile and common curse words in French, appearing in everything from casual conversations to literature and film.

One of its most notable uses is to wish someone good luck, similar to saying “break a leg” in English. For example, before an important performance or exam, a French speaker might say Merde! instead of “Good luck!” Strangely enough, the tradition even discourages saying “thank you” in response — just like in theater superstition.

Of course, merde also works as an expletive for irritation or disappointment. A spilled drink, a missed train, or unexpected bad news can all be met with a quick Merde! It can stand alone or be part of expressions like Quelle merde! (“What a mess!”) or C’est de la merde (“It’s crap”). In some cases, it’s even softened into mince, a politer alternative.